{"id":341,"date":"2022-12-27T23:49:03","date_gmt":"2022-12-27T22:49:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/?p=341"},"modified":"2022-12-28T15:02:40","modified_gmt":"2022-12-28T14:02:40","slug":"vplyv-hak-na-atraktivitu-zien-a-na-formovanie-vztahov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/?p=341","title":{"rendered":"Vplyv HAK na atraktivitu \u017eien a na formovanie vz\u0165ahov"},"content":{"rendered":"

Najnov\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadie potvrdzuj\u00fa fakt, \u017ee mu\u017ei vn\u00edmaj\u00fa \u010duchov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 vysielaj\u00fa \u017eeny (Wisman a\u00a0kol., 2020<\/em>[i]<\/a>). Napr\u00edklad, mu\u017ei dok\u00e1\u017eu rozli\u0161ova\u0165 medzi vzorkami \u017eensk\u00fdch v\u00f4n\u00ed z\u00a0obdobia ovul\u00e1cie a\u00a0z\u00a0obdobia n\u00edzkej plodnosti, pri\u010dom v\u00f4ne z\u00a0obdobia ovul\u00e1cie s\u00fa z aspektu erotiky, pr\u00edjemnosti a\u00a0intenzity atrakt\u00edvnej\u0161ie v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s\u00a0obdob\u00edm n\u00edzkej plodnosti (Tarumi a Shinohara, 2020<\/em>[ii]<\/a>, Gildersleeve, 2012<\/em>[iii]<\/a>). Mu\u017ei, vystaven\u00ed v\u00f4ni \u017eien v\u00a0obdob\u00ed ovul\u00e1cie, maj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie hladiny testoster\u00f3nu a\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161ie hladiny kortizolu (stresov\u00fd horm\u00f3n) ako mu\u017ei vystaven\u00ed v\u00f4ni \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 nemaj\u00fa ovul\u00e1ciu. Rovnov\u00e1ha medzi t\u00fdmito dvoma horm\u00f3nmi reguluje u\u00a0mu\u017eov prejavy sexu\u00e1lnej t\u00fa\u017eby a sexu\u00e1lnej aktivity (Cerda-Molina a kol., 2013<\/em>[iv]<\/a>, van Anders, 2012<\/em>[v]<\/a>). \u010cuchov\u00e9 podnety signalizuj\u00face vysok\u00fa hladinu \u017eenskej plodnosti vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa u mu\u017eov konkr\u00e9tne hormon\u00e1lne odpovede, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 so sexu\u00e1lnym spr\u00e1van\u00edm mu\u017eov a\u00a0iniciovan\u00edm romantick\u00e9ho dvorenia (Cerda-Molina a kol., 2013<\/em>[vi]<\/a>, Miller a<\/em> <\/a>Maner<\/em><\/a>, 2010<\/em>[vii]<\/a>). V\u00a0tejto s\u00favislosti je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd fakt, \u017ee hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia potl\u00e1\u010da cyklick\u00fa atraktivitu v\u00f4n\u00ed \u017eien<\/strong> (Kuukasj\u00e4rvi a\u00a0kol., 2004<\/em>[viii]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 je aj opa\u010dn\u00e1 skuto\u010dnos\u0165: hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uje \u017eensk\u00e9 vn\u00edmanie<\/strong> mu\u017esk\u00fdch v\u00f4n\u00ed<\/strong>. V\u00a0\u0161t\u00fadii, ktor\u00fa vykonali Renfro a kol.<\/em> (2013), prirodzene men\u0161truuj\u00face \u017eeny boli v\u00a0obdob\u00ed okolo ovul\u00e1cie v\u00fdznamne citlivej\u0161ie na v\u00f4\u0148u pi\u017ema (pi\u017emo m\u00e1 podobn\u00e9 pachov\u00e9 vlastnosti ako v\u00f4ne, ktor\u00e9 prirodzene vylu\u010duj\u00fa mu\u017ei), androsten\u00f3nu (steroidn\u00fd ferom\u00f3n) a\u00a0androster\u00f3nu (androg\u00e9n) ako \u017eeny u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00face peror\u00e1lnu antikoncepciu.[ix]<\/a><\/p>\n

Obdobie ovul\u00e1cie s\u00favis\u00ed nielen s\u00a0v\u00f4\u0148ou \u017eien, ale aj s\u00a0kr\u00e1sou ich tv\u00e1re.<\/strong> Viacer\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie pozorovali, \u017ee v\u00a0obdob\u00ed ovul\u00e1cie je \u017eensk\u00e1 tv\u00e1r pre mu\u017ea atrakt\u00edvnej\u0161ia, \u010do pravdepodobne s\u00favis\u00ed s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161ou produkciou estradiolu v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed (Marcinkowska a kol., 2020<\/em>[x]<\/a>,.Catena a kol., 2019<\/em>[xi]<\/a>, Roberts a kol., 2004<\/em>[xii]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edvanie hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 v\u00fdber\/preferenciu mu\u017ea<\/strong>. \u017deny, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa hormon\u00e1lnu antikoncepciu, menej preferuj\u00fa tv\u00e1rov\u00fa a \u00a0hlasov\u00fa mu\u017enos\u0165 (mu\u017esk\u00e9 \u010drty).[xiii]<\/a> Little a\u00a0kol<\/em>. (2013) pozorovali, \u017ee mu\u017ei, ktor\u00fdch partnerky nepou\u017e\u00edvali peror\u00e1lnu antikoncepciu pri iniciovan\u00ed vz\u0165ahu, boli viac mu\u017enej\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0mali morfologicky viac mu\u017enej\u0161ie tv\u00e1re ako t\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch partnerky pri iniciovan\u00ed vz\u0165ahu pou\u017e\u00edvali antikoncep\u010dn\u00e9 tablety.[xiv]<\/a> Hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia redukuje prirodzene sa vyskytuj\u00face cyklick\u00e9 hormon\u00e1lne zmeny, v d\u00f4sledku \u010doho \u017eeny u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00face hormon\u00e1lnu antikoncepciu maj\u00fa odli\u0161n\u00e9 preferencie a spr\u00e1vanie pri v\u00fdbere partnera ako \u017eeny, ktor\u00e9 prirodzene men\u0161truuj\u00fa.[xv]<\/a> [xvi]<\/a> [xvii]<\/a> V\u00a0\u0161t\u00fadii, ktor\u00fa vykonali Roberts a\u00a0kol.<\/em> (2012), \u017eeny, ktor\u00e9 stretli svojho partnera po\u010das u\u017e\u00edvania hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie, dosahovali ni\u017e\u0161iu \u00farove\u0148 sexu\u00e1lneho uspokojenia a pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017elivosti partnera, mali vy\u0161\u0161iu \u00farove\u0148 sexu\u00e1lnej nespokojnosti a\u00a0mali vy\u0161\u0161iu pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee bud\u00fa iniciova\u0165 pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 odl\u00fa\u010denie.[xviii]<\/a> Scheele a\u00a0kol.<\/em> (2016) zistili, \u017ee hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia potl\u00e1\u010da \u00fa\u010dinok oxytoc\u00ednu, ktor\u00fd ovplyv\u0148uje oblasti mozgu posil\u0148uj\u00face hodnotu partnera a\u00a0zvy\u0161uj\u00face vz\u00e1jomn\u00fa pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017elivos\u0165.[xix]<\/a><\/p>\n

Uveden\u00e9 zistenia ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia v\u00fdznamne ovplyv\u0148uje atrakt\u00edvnos\u0165 \u017eien, procesy v\u00fdberu man\u017eela a\u00a0formovania vz\u0165ahov, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00e1\u017ene ovplyvni\u0165 spokojnos\u0165 so vz\u0165ahom, jeho stabilitu a\u00a0nakoniec vies\u0165 k\u00a0zn\u00ed\u017eeniu reproduk\u010dn\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Odborn\u00e9 pramene<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

[i]<\/a> Wisman A, Shrira I. Sexual Chemosignals: Evidence that Men Process Olfactory Signals of Women’s Sexual Arousal. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2020;49(5):1505-1516.<\/p>\n

[ii]<\/a> Tarumi W, Shinohara K. Women’s body odour during the ovulatory phase modulates testosterone and cortisol levels in men. PLoS One. 2020 Mar 31;15(3):e0230838.<\/p>\n

[iii]<\/a> Gildersleeve KA, Haselton MG, Larson CM, Pillsworth EG. Body odor attractiveness as a cue of impending ovulation in women: evidence from a study using hormone-confirmed ovulation. Hormones and Behavior. 2012 Feb;61(2):157-66. :<\/p>\n

[iv]<\/a> Cerda-Molina AL, Hern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez L, de la O CE, Chavira-Ram\u00edrez R, et al. Men’s Salivary Testosterone and Cortisol Levels, and in Sexual Desire after Smelling Female Axillary and Vulvar Scents. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2013 Oct 28;4:159.<\/p>\n

[v]<\/a> van Anders SM. Testosterone and sexual desire in healthy women and men. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2012 Dec;41(6):1471-84.<\/p>\n

[vi]<\/a> Cerda-Molina AL, Hern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez L, de la O CE, Chavira-Ram\u00edrez R, et al. Men’s Salivary Testosterone and Cortisol Levels, and in Sexual Desire after Smelling Female Axillary and Vulvar Scents. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2013 Oct 28;4:159.<\/p>\n

[vii]<\/a> Miller SL, Maner JK. Scent of a woman: men’s testosterone responses to olfactory ovulation cues. Psychological Science.\u00a0 2010 Feb;21(2):276-83.<\/p>\n

[viii]<\/a> Kuukasj\u00e4rvi SCJ,\u00a0 Eriksson P,\u00a0 Koskela E, et al. Attractiveness of women’s body odors over the menstrual cycle: the role of oral contraceptives and receiver sex, Behavioral Ecology, 2004;15(4): 579\u2013584.<\/p>\n

[ix]<\/a> Renfro KJ, Hoffmann H. The relationship between oral contraceptive use and sensitivity to olfactory stimuli. Hormones and Behavior. 2013 Mar;63(3):491-6.<\/p>\n

[x]<\/a> Marcinkowska UM, Holzleitner IJ. Stability of women’s facial shape throughout the menstrual cycle. Proceedings. Biological sciences\u00a0\/ The Royal Society. 2020 Apr 8;287(1924):20192910.<\/p>\n

[xi]<\/a> Catena TM, Simmons ZL, Roney JR. Do women’s faces become more attractive near ovulation? Hormones and Behavior. 2019 Sep;115:104560.<\/p>\n

[xii]<\/a> Roberts SC, Havlicek J, Flegr J, et al. Female facial attractiveness increases during the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. Proceedings. Biological sciences\u00a0\/ The Royal Society. 2004 Aug 7;271 Suppl 5(Suppl 5):S270-2<\/p>\n

[xiii]<\/a> Feinberg DR, DeBruine LM, Jones BC. Correlated preferences for men\u2019s facial and vocal masculinity. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2008; 29 (4):233-241.<\/p>\n

[xiv]<\/a> Little AC, Burriss RP, Petrie M, et al. Oral contraceptive use in women changes preferences for male facial masculinity and is associated with partner facial masculinity. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013 Sep;38(9):1777-85.<\/p>\n

[xv]<\/a> Alvergne A, Lummaa V. Does the contraceptive pill alter mate choice in humans? Trends in Ecology and Evolution.\u00a0 2010 Mar;25(3):171-9.<\/p>\n

[xvi]<\/a> Jones BC, DeBruine LM, Perrett DI, et al. Effects of menstrual cycle phase on face preferences. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2008 Feb;37(1):78-84.<\/p>\n

[xvii]<\/a> Havlicek J, Roberts SC. MHC-correlated mate choice in humans: a review. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009 May;34(4):497-512.<\/p>\n

[xviii]<\/a> Roberts SC, Klapilov\u00e1 K, Little AC, et al. Relationship satisfaction and outcome in women who meet their partner while using oral contraception. Proceedings. Biological sciences\/The Royal Society.\u00a0 2012 Apr 7;279(1732):1430-6.<\/p>\n

[xix]<\/a> Scheele D, Plota J, Stoffel-Wagner B,\u00a0 et al. Hormonal contraceptives suppress oxytocin-induced brain reward responses to the partner’s face. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2016;11(5):767-774.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Najnov\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadie potvrdzuj\u00fa fakt, \u017ee mu\u017ei vn\u00edmaj\u00fa \u010duchov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":484,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[155,67,120,58],"tags":[233,231,62,235,232,64,234],"class_list":["post-341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","category-krasa","category-laska","category-sexualita","tag-atraktivnost-zien","tag-cuchove-signaly","tag-estradiol","tag-formovanie-vztahov","tag-krasa-tvare","tag-pritazlivost","tag-proces-vyberu-manzela"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=341"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":347,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/341\/revisions\/347"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}