{"id":349,"date":"2022-12-27T23:48:36","date_gmt":"2022-12-27T22:48:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/?p=349"},"modified":"2022-12-28T15:07:48","modified_gmt":"2022-12-28T14:07:48","slug":"kozne-ochorenia-a-esteticke-problemy-sposobene-hak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/?p=349","title":{"rendered":"Ko\u017en\u00e9 ochorenia a estetick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 HAK"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0161eobecne je preferovan\u00e9 tvrdenie, \u017ee hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia m\u00e1 pozit\u00edvny vplyv na poko\u017eku \u017eien, najm\u00e4 v\u00a0pr\u00edpadoch zv\u00fd\u0161enej produkcie androg\u00e9nov (skupina horm\u00f3nov, ktor\u00e9 prim\u00e1rne ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa rast a v\u00fdvin mu\u017esk\u00e9ho reproduk\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu).[i]<\/a> Pr\u00ed\u010dinou akn\u00e9 v\u0161ak nemusia by\u0165 len androg\u00e9ny. V\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj in\u00e9 faktory, napr. genetick\u00e1 predispoz\u00edcia, preinflama\u010dn\u00e9 lipidy, mechanizmy neuroendokrinnej regul\u00e1cie, di\u00e9ta a viacer\u00e9 vonkaj\u0161ie faktory.[ii]<\/a> U\u00a0dospievaj\u00facich diev\u010dat pr\u00ed\u010dinou akn\u00e9 nemusia by\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1cie androg\u00e9nov, ale len do\u010dasne nadmerne zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 citlivos\u0165 mazov\u00fdch \u017eliaz vo\u010di ich pr\u00edtomnosti, ke\u010f\u017ee androg\u00e9ny boli po\u010das detsk\u00e9ho obdobia produkovan\u00e9 len v mal\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00e1ch.[iii]<\/a><\/p>\n

Najz\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edm ochoren\u00edm ko\u017ee s\u00favisiacim s\u00a0u\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie je rakovina ko\u017ee<\/strong>. Viacer\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie zistili v\u00fdznamne zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdskyt rakoviny ko\u017ee (skvamocelul\u00e1rny, bazocelul\u00e1rny karcin\u00f3m) u\u00a0u\u017e\u00edvateliek hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie (Oshyvalova a\u00a0kol., 2019<\/em>[iv]<\/a>, Kuklinski a kol., 2016<\/em>[v]<\/a>, Beheshtiroy a\u00a0kol., 2014<\/em>[vi]<\/a>) vr\u00e1tane melan\u00f3mu<\/strong> (Sun a\u00a0kol., 2020<\/em>[vii]<\/a>, European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition,<\/em> 2020<\/em>[viii]<\/a>, Cervenka a\u00a0kol., 2018<\/em>[ix]<\/a>). Vo ve\u013ekej meta-anal\u00fdze, ktor\u00fa vykonali Sun a\u00a0kol.<\/em> (2020) riziko melan\u00f3mu r\u00e1stlo s\u00a0d\u013a\u017ekou u\u017e\u00edvania peror\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie; pri jej u\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed 5 rokov a\u00a0dlh\u0161ie bolo riziko zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 o\u00a018% (RR 1.18; 95%CI: 1.07\u20131.31) a\u00a0pri u\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed 10 rokov a\u00a0dlh\u0161ie o\u00a025% (RR 1.25; 95%CI: 1.06\u20131.48). V\u00fdznamn\u00e9, o\u00a052% zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko melan\u00f3mu bolo zisten\u00e9 u\u00a0\u017eien, u ktor\u00fdch od prv\u00e9ho u\u017eitia peror\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie uplynulo 15 \u2013 19 rokov (RR 1.52, 95%CI: 1,03\u20132,24).[x]<\/a><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd lupus erythematosus<\/strong> je \u010fal\u0161ie v\u00e1\u017ene ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie. Jedn\u00e1 sa o autoimunitn\u00e9 ochorenie, pri ktorom imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m nap\u00e1da vlastn\u00e9 tkaniv\u00e1 a sp\u00f4sobuje rozsiahly z\u00e1pal a po\u0161kodenie tkan\u00edv v postihnut\u00fdch org\u00e1noch.[xi]<\/a> Vo ve\u013ekej \u0161t\u00fadii zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00facej 238 308 \u017eien (Costenbader a\u00a0kol., 2007<\/em>), u\u017e\u00edvanie peror\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie v\u00fdznamne zv\u00fd\u0161ilo riziko syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho lupus erythematosus (RR 1.5, 95%CI: 1.1\u22122.1).[xii]<\/a> Podobne aj \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadie hl\u00e1sili zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdskyt tohto ochorenia u u\u017e\u00edvateliek peror\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie (Bernier a\u00a0kol.,2009<\/em>[xiii]<\/a>, Sanchez-Guerrero a kol., 1997<\/em>[xiv]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Prepar\u00e1ty obsahuj\u00face syntetick\u00e9 gestag\u00e9ny s androg\u00e9nnym<\/strong> \u00fa\u010dinkom (napr. levonorgestrel, noretister\u00f3n, norgestim\u00e1t, desogestrel, gestod\u00e9n) m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 akn\u00e9 a\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa tvorbu mazu (sebarrhoea)<\/strong>. Nepr\u00edjemn\u00fdm estetick\u00fdm ochoren\u00edm je dif\u00fazne vypad\u00e1vanie vlasov tzv. effl\u00favium<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa pripisuje najm\u00e4 p\u00f4sobeniu syntetick\u00fdch gestag\u00e9nov obsiahnut\u00fdch v\u00a0hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcii (Tosti a\u00a0kol., 2009<\/em>[xv]<\/a>, Leidenberger a\u00a0kol., 2009<\/em>[xvi]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm ko\u017en\u00fdm ne\u017eiaducim \u00fa\u010dinkom peror\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie je chloazma (melasma)<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 sa prejavuje zv\u00fd\u0161enou pigment\u00e1ciou poko\u017eky v\u00a0d\u00f4sledku zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho ukladania melan\u00ednu. Ochorenie sa vyskytuje pribli\u017ene u\u00a010 \u2013 20% u\u017e\u00edvateliek kombinovanej peror\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie (Pol\u00e1kov\u00e1, 2010<\/em>[xvii]<\/a>). Podobne aj \u010fal\u0161ie v\u00fdskumy zistili zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdskyt chloazmy u\u00a0u\u017e\u00edvateliek hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie (Sheth a\u00a0kol., 2011<\/em>[xviii]<\/a>, Ortonne a kol., 2009<\/em>[xix]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Estetick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 aj jej negat\u00edvnym vplyvom na cievy. Prejavuj\u00fa sa roz\u0161\u00edren\u00edm mal\u00fdch alebo koncov\u00fdch ciev<\/strong> (telangiekt\u00e1zia)<\/strong>, angi\u00f3mami (nezhubn\u00e9 n\u00e1dory ciev)<\/strong> alebo ako livedo reticularis\/<\/strong> livedo racemosa <\/strong>(sie\u0165ovit\u00e9, \u0161kvrnit\u00e9, ostro ohrani\u010den\u00e9 alebo prel\u00ednaj\u00face sa modrast\u00e9 zafarbenie v\u00a0 ko\u017ei).[xx]<\/a> Na riziko v\u00fdvinu t\u00fdchto ochoren\u00ed u\u00a0\u017eien pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00facich hormon\u00e1lnu antikoncepciu upozornili viacer\u00ed autori (El-Darouti, 2019<\/em>[xxi]<\/a>, Leidenberger a\u00a0kol., 2009<\/em>[xxii]<\/a>, Deharo a kol., 1988<\/em>[xxiii]<\/a>, Asherson a\u00a0kol., 1988<\/em>[xxiv]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Erythema nodosum <\/strong>\u2013 toto ochorenie sp\u00f4sobuje bolestiv\u00e9 symetrick\u00e9 podko\u017en\u00e9 uzliny, \u010dasto s priemerom 1 \u2013 6 cm, v oblasti tv\u00e1re a krku, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa v\u0161ak vyskytuj\u00fa na prednej \u010dasti doln\u00fdch kon\u010dat\u00edn.[xxv]<\/a> Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdskyt erythema nodosum u\u00a0\u017eien, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvali peror\u00e1lnu hormon\u00e1lnu antikoncepciu pozorovali viacer\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie (Molina-Ruiz a\u00a0kol., 2016<\/em>[xxvi]<\/a>, Borroni a kol., 2014<\/em>[xxvii]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 aj k v\u00fdvinu ekz\u00e9mov <\/strong>a\u00a0dermatit\u00eddy<\/strong> (z\u00e1palov\u00e9 ochorenie ko\u017ee). Vo ve\u013ekej multicentrickej \u0161t\u00fadii (Vessey a\u00a0kol., 2000<\/em>), u\u017e\u00edvanie peror\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie zv\u00fd\u0161ilo riziko t\u00fdchto ochoren\u00ed o\u00a060% (RR 1.6, 95%Cl: 1.2\u22122.1).[xxviii]<\/a><\/p>\n

Niektor\u00e9 typy hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie (peror\u00e1lne formy obsahuj\u00face gestag\u00e9n s\u00a0antiandrog\u00e9nnym \u00fa\u010dinkom) m\u00f4\u017eu zlep\u0161i\u0165 prejavy akn\u00e9, ak s\u00fa sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 nadmernou produkciou androg\u00e9nov, ale na druhej strane jej pou\u017e\u00edvanie m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 cel\u00fd rad v\u00e1\u017enych ko\u017en\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane<\/strong> onkologick\u00fdch.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Odborn\u00e9 pramene<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

[i]<\/a> Encyclopaedia Britannica. Androgen. https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/androgen<\/a>. Accessed 2 Feb 2021.<\/p>\n

[ii]<\/a> G<\/a>ollnick HP, Zouboulis<\/a> CC. Not all acne is acne vulgaris. Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International. 2014 Apr 25;111(17):301-12.<\/p>\n

[iii]<\/a> Leidenberger F, Strowitzki T, Ortmann O. Klinische Endokrinologie f\u00fcr Frauen\u00e4rzte, 4th ed. Heidelberg: Springer Medizin Verlag, 2009.<\/p>\n

[iv]<\/a> \u041eshyvalova \u041e\u041e, Ziukov OL, Gurianov VG. Prognostic model of skin cancer risk assessment. Wiadomos\u0301ci Lekarskie. 2019;72(5 cz 1):817-822.<\/p>\n

[v]<\/a> Kuklinski LF, Zens MS, Perry AE, et al. Sex hormones and the risk of keratinocyte cancers among women in the United States: a population-based case-control study. International Journal of Cancer. 2016 Jul;139(2):300-309.<\/p>\n

[vi]<\/a> Beheshtiroy A. Hajmanoochehri F. Epidemiological Study of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers Qazvin Province, Iran. Biotechnology and Health Sciences. 2014 November; 1(3): e25362.<\/p>\n

[vii]<\/a> Sun Q, Sun H, Cong L, Zheng Y, et al. Effects of Exogenous Hormones and Reproductive Factors on Female Melanoma: A Meta-Analysis. Clinical Epidemiology. 2020;12:1183-1203.<\/p>\n

[viii]<\/a> Cervenka I, Al Rahmoun M, Mahamat-Saleh Y, et al. Exogenous hormone use and cutaneous melanoma risk in women: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. International Journal of Cancer. 2020 Jun 15;146(12):3267-3280.<\/p>\n

[ix]<\/a> Cervenka I<\/a>, Mahamat-Saleh Y<\/a>, Savoye I<\/a>, et al. Oral contraceptive use and cutaneous melanoma risk: a French prospective cohort study. International Journal of Cancer. 2018 Nov 15;143(10):2390-2399<\/p>\n

[x]<\/a> Sun Q, Sun H, Cong L, Zheng Y, et al. Effects of Exogenous Hormones and Reproductive Factors on Female Melanoma: A Meta-Analysis. Clinical epidemiology. 2020;12:1183-1203.<\/p>\n

[xi]<\/a> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/lupus\/facts\/detailed.html<\/a>. Accessed 2 December 2020.<\/p>\n

[xii]<\/a> Costenbader KH, Feskanich D, Stampfer MJ, Karlson EW. Reproductive and menopausal factors and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in women. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2007 Apr;56(4):1251-62. .<\/p>\n

[xiii]<\/a> Bernier MO, Mikaeloff Y, Hudson M, Suissa S. Combined oral contraceptive use and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis and Rheumatism.\u00a0 2009 Apr 15;61(4):476-81.<\/p>\n

[xiv]<\/a> Sanchez-Guerrero J, Karlson EW, Liang MH, et al. Past use of oral contraceptives and the risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1997 May;40(5):804-8.<\/p>\n

[xv]<\/a> Tosti A, Pazzaglia M. Drug reactions affecting hair: diagnosis. Dermatologic Clinics. 2007 Apr;25(2):223-31, vii.<\/p>\n

[xvi]<\/a> Leidenberger F, Strowitzki T, Ortmann O. Klinische Endokrinologie f\u00fcr Frauen\u00e4rzte, 4th ed. Heidelberg: Springer Medizin Verlag, 2009. s. 278.<\/p>\n

[xvii]<\/a> Polakova\u00a0 K. Spolupr\u00e1ca gynekol\u00f3ga a\u00a0dermatol\u00f3ga pri u\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed kombinovanej hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie s antiandrog\u00e9nov\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkom. Dermatol\u00f3gia pre Prax. 2010, 4(3): 113\u2013115.<\/p>\n

[xviii]<\/a> Sheth VM, Pandya AG. Melasma: a comprehensive update: part I. \u00a0Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2011 Oct;65(4):689-697.<\/p>\n

[xix]<\/a> Ortonne JP, Arellano I, Berneburg M, et al. A global survey of the role of ultraviolet radiation and hormonal influences in the development of melasma. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV. 2009 Nov;23(11):1254-62.<\/p>\n

[xx]<\/a> Leidenberger F, Strowitzki T, Ortmann O. Klinische Endokrinologie f\u00fcr Frauen\u00e4rzte, 4th ed. Heidelberg: Springer Medizin Verlag, 2009. s .278.<\/p>\n

[xxi]<\/a> El-Darouti MA., Al-Ali FM. Livedo Reticularis Associated with Ulceration. In: Challenging Cases in Dermatology Volume 2. Springer, Cham. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-21855-3_9.<\/p>\n

[xxii]<\/a> Leidenberger F, Strowitzki T, Ortmann O. Klinische Endokrinologie f\u00fcr Frauen\u00e4rzte, 4th ed. Heidelberg: Springer Medizin Verlag, 2009. s. 278.<\/p>\n

[xxiii]<\/a> Deharo C, Berbis P, Privat Y. Complications dermatologiques des contraceptifs oraux [Dermatological complications caused by oral contraceptives]. Fertilite\u0301, Contraception, Sexualite\u0301.\u00a0 1988 Apr;16(4):299-304.<\/p>\n

[xxiv]<\/a> Asherson RA, Harris EN, Hughes GR, Farquharson RG. Complications of oral contraceptives and antiphospholipid antibodies: reply to the letter by Bruneau et al. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1988 Apr;31(4):575-6.<\/p>\n

[xxv]<\/a> Andrews C, Mathew J. The morning after rash: Erythema nodosum due to emergency contraception. Journal of Case Reports and Images in Medicine.\u00a0 2018;4:100045Z09CA2018.<\/p>\n

[xxvi]<\/a> Molina-Ruiz\u00a0 AM,\u00a0 Requena L.\u00a0 Erythema nodosum. Medicina Cl\u00ednica (English Edition), 2016; 147(2): 81\u201386.<\/p>\n

[xxvii]<\/a> Borroni G, Torti S, D’Ospina RM, Pezzini C. Drug-induced panniculitides. Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia : Organo Ufficiale, Societa\u0300 Italiana di Dermatologia e Sifilografia. 2014 Apr;149(2):263-70.<\/p>\n

[xxviii]<\/a> Vessey MP, Painter R, Powell J. Skin disorders in relation to oral contraception and other factors, including age, social class, smoking and body mass index. Findings in a large cohort study. The British Journal of Dermatology.2000 Oct;143(4):815-20.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u0161eobecne je preferovan\u00e9 tvrdenie, \u017ee hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia m\u00e1 pozit\u00edvny vplyv … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":356,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[155,67,2,57],"tags":[68,60,243,71,248,239,73,247,246,240,72,245,237,241,244,75,236,70,238,242,249],"class_list":["post-349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","category-krasa","category-rakovina","category-zdravie","tag-akne","tag-androgeny","tag-angiomy","tag-chloazma","tag-dermatitidy","tag-difuzne-vypadavanie-vlasov","tag-effluvium","tag-ekzemy","tag-erythema-nodosum","tag-gestageny","tag-livedo-racemosa","tag-livedo-reticularis","tag-melanom","tag-melasma","tag-nezhubne-nadory-ciev","tag-pokozka","tag-rakovina-koze","tag-sebarrhoea","tag-systemovy-lupus-erythematosus","tag-telangiektazia","tag-zapalove-ochorenie-koze"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=349"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":386,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/349\/revisions\/386"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}