{"id":399,"date":"2022-12-27T23:41:11","date_gmt":"2022-12-27T22:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/?p=399"},"modified":"2022-12-28T19:21:41","modified_gmt":"2022-12-28T18:21:41","slug":"vplyv-hak-na-stabilitu-manzelstva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/?p=399","title":{"rendered":"Vplyv HAK na stabilitu man\u017eelstva"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 doba je poznamenan\u00e1 kr\u00edzou man\u017eelstva a rodiny. \u010clovek sa st\u00e1le viac zameriava na seba, preferuje hodnoty profesion\u00e1lneho \u010di spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho \u00faspechu a\u00a0v\u0161estrann\u00e9ho <strong>individu\u00e1lneho u\u017eitia si,<\/strong> <strong>tak\u017ee deti prest\u00e1vaj\u00fa by\u0165 \u0165a\u017eiskom \u013eudsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota<\/strong>.<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[i]<\/a> Existuje nieko\u013eko faktorov, ktor\u00e9 prispievaj\u00fa k\u00a0udr\u017eaniu vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho spolu\u017eitia mu\u017ea a\u00a0\u017eeny, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad die\u0165a a\u00a0po\u010det det\u00ed<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[ii]<\/a>, kvalita sexu\u00e1lneho \u017eivota<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[iii]<\/a>, psychick\u00e1 pohoda<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[iv]<\/a> a\u00a0pod. Hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia negat\u00edve vpl\u00fdva na ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0nich.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1) Negat\u00edvny vplyv na p\u00f4rodnos\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0rokoch 1960 a\u017e 2012 sa svetov\u00e1 priemern\u00e1 miera p\u00f4rodnosti zn\u00ed\u017eila na polovicu, t. j. na 2.5 p\u00f4rodov na \u017eenu.<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[v]<\/a> Rok 1960 vst\u00fapil do dej\u00edn t\u00fdm, \u017ee v\u00a0USA bola do praxe uveden\u00e1 hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia (prepar\u00e1t Enovid). V mnoh\u00fdch rozvinut\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch u\u017e\u00edvanie antikoncep\u010dn\u00fdch tabliet v 70. rokoch ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo r\u00e1stlo a takmer s\u00fa\u010dasne za\u010dala klesa\u0165 p\u00f4rodnos\u0165.<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[vi]<\/a> <a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[vii]<\/a> Viacer\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie preuk\u00e1zali, \u017ee pr\u00edstup k antikoncep\u010dn\u00fdm tabletk\u00e1m v\u00fdznamne s\u00favisel s poklesom p\u00f4rodnosti v\u00a0USA po roku 1960.<a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[viii]<\/a> <a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[ix]<\/a> <a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[x]<\/a> Zn\u00ed\u017eenie p\u00f4rodnosti m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 jeden z\u00a0faktorov, ktor\u00fdm hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia zni\u017euje stabilitu man\u017eelstva, ke\u010f\u017ee <strong>die\u0165a a\u00a0po\u010det det\u00ed je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd faktor zni\u017euj\u00faci rozvodovos\u0165 man\u017eelov.<\/strong> \u0160t\u00fadia, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00famala rozvodovos\u0165 v\u00a062 kult\u00farach sveta, zistila vrchol rozvodovosti vo\u00a0\u0161tvrtom roku po svadbe, \u010do je obdobie nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre v\u00fdchovu prv\u00e9ho die\u0165a\u0165a. Druh\u00e9 die\u0165a oddiali \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vrchol rozvodovosti na siedmy rok po svadbe.<a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[xi]<\/a> Kontinu\u00e1lne potl\u00e1\u010danie plodnosti a\u00a0sexu\u00e1lnych funkci\u00ed \u017eeny hormon\u00e1lnou antikoncepciou, jej negat\u00edvny vplyv na reproduk\u010dn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny (napr. na tzv. ovari\u00e1lnu rezervu<a href=\"#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[xii]<\/a> <a href=\"#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[xiii]<\/a> <a href=\"#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[xiv]<\/a>) a zdravie \u017eeny m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 <strong>absenciu det\u00ed,<\/strong> <strong>alebo<\/strong> <strong>zn\u00ed\u017eenie ich po\u010dtu v\u00a0rodin\u00e1ch, a\u00a0t\u00fdm prispie\u0165 k\u00a0destabiliz\u00e1cii man\u017eelstva.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2) Negat\u00edvny vplyv na kvalitu sexu\u00e1lneho \u017eivota<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee vy\u0161\u0161ia \u00farove\u0148 spokojnosti v\u00a0sexu\u00e1lnom \u017eivote vedie k\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161ej man\u017eelskej spokojnosti, ktor\u00e1 zase zni\u017euje man\u017eelsk\u00fa nestabilitu a\u00a0rozvodovos\u0165.<a href=\"#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[xv]<\/a> Hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia negat\u00edvne vpl\u00fdva na kvalitu sexu\u00e1lneho \u017eivota; <strong>zni\u017euje sexu\u00e1lnu t\u00fa\u017ebu a<\/strong><strong> sexu\u00e1lne vzru\u0161enie<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[xvi]<\/a> <a href=\"#_edn17\" name=\"_ednref17\">[xvii]<\/a> <a href=\"#_edn18\" name=\"_ednref18\">[xviii]<\/a>, <strong>frekvenciu pohlavn\u00fdch stykov<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn19\" name=\"_ednref19\">[xix]<\/a> <a href=\"#_edn20\" name=\"_ednref20\">[xx]<\/a> a\u00a0m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165<strong> dyspare\u00faniu<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>boles\u0165 pri pohlavnom styku<\/strong> (<em>Lev-Sagie, 2020<\/em><a href=\"#_edn21\" name=\"_ednref21\">[xxi]<\/a>, <em>Tayyeb a\u00a0Gupta, 2020<\/em><a href=\"#_edn22\" name=\"_ednref22\">[xxii]<\/a>, <em>Serati a kol., 2015<\/em><a href=\"#_edn23\" name=\"_ednref23\">[xxiii]<\/a>). Jednou z pr\u00ed\u010din bolesti pri pohlavnom styku je <strong>vestibulod\u00fdnia<\/strong> (boles\u0165 vyskytuj\u00faca sa v\u00a0oblasti po\u0161vov\u00e9ho vchodu), ktor\u00e1 b\u00fdva pr\u00edtomn\u00e1 u\u00a0\u017eien pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00facich hormon\u00e1lnu antikoncepciu (<em>Champaneria a kol., 2015<\/em><a href=\"#_edn24\" name=\"_ednref24\">[xxiv]<\/a>, <strong><em>Goldstein a kol., 2014<\/em><\/strong><a href=\"#_edn25\" name=\"_ednref25\">[xxv]<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>3) Negat\u00edvny vplyv na psychick\u00fa pohodu. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Psychick\u00e9 ochorenia a\u00a0najm\u00e4 <strong>depresia<\/strong> je \u010fal\u0161\u00edm faktorom, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamne negat\u00edvny vplyv na stabilitu man\u017eelstva<a href=\"#_edn26\" name=\"_ednref26\">[xxvi]<\/a> <a href=\"#_edn27\" name=\"_ednref27\">[xxvii]<\/a>a\u00a0spokojnos\u0165 v\u00a0man\u017eelstve<a href=\"#_edn28\" name=\"_ednref28\">[xxviii]<\/a> <a href=\"#_edn29\" name=\"_ednref29\">[xxix]<\/a> <a href=\"#_edn30\" name=\"_ednref30\">[xxx]<\/a>. V\u00a0oblasti \u013eudskej sexuality sa depresia prejavuje najm\u00e4 nez\u00e1ujmom o\u00a0sexu\u00e1lny \u017eivot a nedostatkom energie pre\u00a0udr\u017eiavaniu l\u00e1skypln\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov, tak\u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee nasta\u0165 ich naru\u0161enie.<a href=\"#_edn31\" name=\"_ednref31\">[xxxi]<\/a> Je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia men\u00ed \u0161trukt\u00faru a\u00a0funk\u010dnos\u0165 oblast\u00ed mozgu zapojen\u00fdch do kontroly emoci\u00ed (<em>Fruzzetti a kol., 2020<\/em><a href=\"#_edn32\" name=\"_ednref32\">[xxxii]<\/a>). Existuj\u00fa dostato\u010dn\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy, \u017ee jej u\u017e\u00edvanie v\u00fdznamne zvy\u0161uje riziko depresie (<em>Lewis a\u00a0kol., 2019<\/em><a href=\"#_edn33\" name=\"_ednref33\">[xxxiii]<\/a>, <em>Gingnell a\u00a0kol., 2013<\/em><a href=\"#_edn34\" name=\"_ednref34\">[xxxiv]<\/a>, <em>Wir\u00e9hn a kol., 2010<\/em><a href=\"#_edn35\" name=\"_ednref35\">[xxxv]<\/a>, <em>Young a kol., 2007<\/em><a href=\"#_edn36\" name=\"_ednref36\">[xxxvi]<\/a>), a\u00a0to najm\u00e4 u\u00a0dospievaj\u00facich diev\u010dat a\u00a0mlad\u00fdch \u017eien (<em>de Wit a kol., 2020<\/em><a href=\"#_edn37\" name=\"_ednref37\">[xxxvii]<\/a>, <em>Zettermark a kol., 2018<\/em><a href=\"#_edn38\" name=\"_ednref38\">[xxxviii]<\/a>, <em>Skovlund a\u00a0kol., 2016<\/em><a href=\"#_edn39\" name=\"_ednref39\">[xxxix]<\/a>, <em>Lindberg a\u00a0kol., 2012<\/em><a href=\"#_edn40\" name=\"_ednref40\">[xl]<\/a>).<strong> Depresia sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 teda \u010fal\u0161\u00edm faktorom zni\u017euj\u00facim stabilitu man\u017eelstva.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Viacer\u00e9 v\u00fdkumy uk\u00e1zali v\u00fdznamne zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa rozvodovos\u0165 po zaveden\u00ed hormon\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie do praxe (v roku 1960). Napr\u00edklad v\u00a0USA v\u00a0roku 1960 pripadalo 9 rozvodov na 1000 vydat\u00fdch \u017eien, v\u00a0roku 1970 to bolo u\u017e 15 rozvodov na 1000 vydat\u00fdch \u017eien a\u00a0v roku 1980 23 rozvodov na 1000 vydat\u00fdch \u017eien.<a href=\"#_edn41\" name=\"_ednref41\">[xli]<\/a> Ned\u00e1vna \u0161t\u00fadia vykonan\u00e1 v USA (<em>Fehring a\u00a0kol., 2015<\/em>) uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee u\u00a0\u017eien, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali prirodzen\u00e9 met\u00f3dy regul\u00e1cie po\u010datia bola rozvodovos\u0165 9.6% v porovnan\u00ed so 14.4% \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali in\u00e9, ako prirodzen\u00e9 met\u00f3dy. Riziko rozvodu man\u017eelstva, v\u00a0ktorom man\u017eelka u\u017e\u00edvala hormon\u00e1lne tablety, bolo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 o\u00a073 % (OR 1.73, 95%Cl: 1.36\u22122.21, <em>P<\/em>&lt;0.001).<a href=\"#_edn42\" name=\"_ednref42\">[xlii]<\/a> V\u00a0\u0161t\u00fadii, ktor\u00fa v USA vykonala <em>Miriam <\/em><em>Marc\u00e9n<\/em> (2012), zn\u00ed\u017eenie dostupnosti\/predaja peror\u00e1lnej antikoncepcie viedlo k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu rozvodovosti<strong>.<\/strong><a href=\"#_edn43\" name=\"_ednref43\">[xliii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Vzh\u013eadom na fakt, \u017ee hormon\u00e1lna antikoncepcia negat\u00edvne vpl\u00fdva na viacer\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 faktory stabilizuj\u00face man\u017eelstvo ako s\u00fa reprodukcia (die\u0165a a\u00a0po\u010det det\u00ed), \u00farove\u0148 sexu\u00e1lneho \u017eivota a psychick\u00e1 pohoda, m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdznamnou mierou prispie\u0165 k\u00a0rozkladu man\u017eelstva.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Odborn\u00e9 pramene<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[i]<\/a> Sokol J. Filosofick\u00e1 antropologie. 2. vyd. Praha : Port\u00e1l, 2008. s. 47.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[ii]<\/a>\u00a0 Weiss P. a\u00a0kol. Sexuologie. 1. vyd. Praha : Grada Publishing, 2010. s. 90.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[iii]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/author\/A.-Shakerian\/82050446\">\u00a0Shakerian<\/a> A,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/author\/Ali-Mohammad-Nazari\/113672014\">Nazari<\/a> AM, Masoomi M. Inspecting the Relationship between Sexual Satisfaction and Marital Problems of Divorce-asking Women in Sanandaj City Family Courts. Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences 114 ( 2014 ) 327 \u2013 333.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[iv]<\/a> Davidson MR.\u00a0 Marriage and mental illness. The Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia of family studies. Editors: C.L. Shehan. New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons (UK). \u00a02016. ISBN:\u00a09780470658451.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[v]<\/a> WORDBANK. Between 1960 and 2012, the world average fertility rate halved to 2.5 births per woman. July 2014. https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/opendata\/between 960-and012-world-average-fertility-rate-halved5-births-woman. Accessed 14 Jan 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[vi]<\/a> Leridon H. Demographic effects of the introduction of steroid contraception in developed countries. Human Reproduction Update. 2006 Sep-Oct;12(5):603-16.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[vii]<\/a> Benagiano G, Testa G, Cocuzzi L. Significato del controllo della fertilit\u00e0 in un mondo integrato [The meaning of fertility control in an integrated world]. Minerva Ginecologica. 2004 Jun;56(3):271-81.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[viii]<\/a> Bailey\u00a0 M.\u00a0 More Power to the Pill: The Impact of Contraceptive Freedom on Women&#8217;s Life Cycle Labor Supply. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2006; (121):289-320.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[ix]<\/a> Bailey\u00a0 M.. &#8222;&#8220;Momma&#8217;s Got the Pill&#8220;: How Anthony Comstock and Griswold v. Connecticut Shaped US Childbearing.&#8220; American Economic Review. 2010. 100 (1): 98-129.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[x]<\/a> Guldi M. Fertility effects of abortion and birth control pill access for minors. Demography. 2008;45(4):817-827.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[xi]<\/a> Weiss P. a\u00a0kol. Sexuologie. 1. vyd. Praha : Grada Publishing, 2010. s. 90.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[xii]<\/a> Letourneau JM, Cakmak H, Quinn M, Long-term hormonal contraceptive use is associated with a reversible suppression of antral follicle count and a break from hormonal contraception may improve oocyte yield. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 2017;34(9):1137-1144.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[xiii]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Birch%20Petersen%20K%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=26311148\">Birch Petersen K<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Hvidman%20HW%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=26311148\">Hvidman HW<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Forman%20JL%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=26311148\">Forman JL<\/a>. Ovarian reserve assessment in users of oral contraception seeking fertility advice on their reproductive lifespan. Human Reproduction. 2015 Oct;30(10):2364-75.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[xiv]<\/a> Kallio S, P J, FRuokonen A, Vaskivuo T, et al. AMH levels decrease in women using combined contraception independently of administration route. Fertility and Sterility. 2013;99:1305\u20131310.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[xv]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/author\/A.-Shakerian\/82050446\">\u00a0Shakerian<\/a> A,\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/author\/Ali-Mohammad-Nazari\/113672014\">Nazari<\/a> AM, Masoomi M. Inspecting the Relationship between Sexual Satisfaction and Marital Problems of Divorce-asking Women in Sanandaj City Family Courts. Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences 114 ( 2014 ) 327 \u2013 333.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[xvi]<\/a>\u00a0 Wallwiener CW, Wallwiener LM, Seeger H, et al. Are hormonal components of oral contraceptives associated with impaired female sexual function? A questionnaire-based online survey of medical students in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2015 Oct;292(4):883-90.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[xvii]<\/a> Malmborg A, Brynte L, Falk G, et al. Sexual function changes attributed to hormonal contraception use &#8211; a qualitative study of women experiencing negative effects. European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care.\u00a0 2020 Jun;25(3):169-175.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[xviii]<\/a> de Castro Coelho F, Barros C. The Potential of Hormonal Contraception to Influence Female Sexuality. International Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 2019;2019:9701384.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[xix]<\/a> Battaglia C, Morotti E, Persico N, et al. Clitoral vascularization and sexual behavior in young patients treated with drospirenone-ethinyl estradiol or contraceptive vaginal ring: a prospective, randomized, pilot study. Journal of\u00a0 Sexual Medicine. 2014 Feb;11(2):471-80.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[xx]<\/a> Smith NK, Jozkowski KN, Sanders SA. Hormonal contraception and female pain, orgasm and sexual pleasure. Journal of \u00a0Sexual Medicine. 2014 Feb;11(2):462-70.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[xxi]<\/a> Lev-Sagie A, Wertman O, Lavee Y, Granot M. Vestibular Anatomic Localization of Pain Sensitivity in Women with Insertional Dyspareunia: A Different Approach to Address the Variability of Painful Intercourse. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(7):2023.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[xxii]<\/a> Tayyeb M, Gupta V. Dyspareunia. [Updated 2020 Oct 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK562159<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[xxiii]<\/a> Serati M, Bogani G, Di Dedda MC, et al. A comparison between vaginal estrogen and vaginal hyaluronic for the treatment of dyspareunia in women using hormonal contraceptive. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2015 Aug;191:48-50.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[xxiv]<\/a> Champaneria R, D&#8217;Andrea RM, Latthe PM. Hormonal contraception and pelvic floor function: a systematic review.\u00a0 International Urogynecology Journal. 2016 May;27(5):709-22.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[xxv]<\/a> <strong>Goldstein AT, Belkin ZR, Krapf JM, et al. Polymorphisms of the androgen receptor gene and hormonal contraceptive induced provoked vestibulodynia. Journal of Sexual Medicine 2014;11:2764\u20132771.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[xxvi]<\/a> Breslau J, Miller E, Jin R, et al. A multinational study of mental disorders, marriage, and divorce. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2011;124(6):474-486.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[xxvii]<\/a> Gabriel B, Beach SRH, Bodenmann G. \u00a0Depression, Marital Satisfaction and Communication in Couples: Investigating Gender Differences. Behavior Therapy. 2010; 41(3): 306\u2013316.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[xxviii]<\/a> Moy\u00e1\u00a0 J, Cano-Prous A,\u00a0 Fern\u00e1ndez A\u00a0at al. The impact a first episode of major depression has on marital dissatisfaction: Is remission associated with improvement in dissatisfaction?. European Journal of Psychiatry. 2010;24(1).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[xxix]<\/a> Pruchno R, Wilson-Genderson M, Cartwright FP. Depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction in the context of chronic disease: a longitudinal dyadic analysis. JFP. 2009;23(4):573-584.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[xxx]<\/a> Gabriel B, Beach SR, Bodenmann G. Depression, marital satisfaction and communication in couples: investigating gender differences. Behavior Therapy. 2010 Sep;41(3):306-16.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[xxxi]<\/a> Weiss P. a\u00a0kol. Sexuologie. 1. vyd. Praha : Grada Publishing, 2010. s. 424<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[xxxii]<\/a> Fruzzetti F, Fidecicchi T. Hormonal Contraception and Depression: Updated Evidence and Implications in Clinical Practice. Clinical Drug Investigation. 2020 Dec;40(12):1097-1106.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[xxxiii]<\/a> Lewis CA, Kimmig AS, Zsido RG, Jank A, Derntl B, Sacher J. Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives on Mood: A Focus on Emotion Recognition and Reactivity, Reward Processing, and Stress Response. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2019;21(11):115.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[xxxiv]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Gingnell%20M%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=23219471\">Gingnell M<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Engman%20J%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=23219471\">Engman J<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Frick%20A%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=23219471\">Frick A<\/a>. Oral contraceptive use changes brain activity and mood in women with previous negative affect on the pill&#8211;a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial of a levonorgestrel-containing combined oral contraceptive. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23219471\">Psychoneuroendocrinology.<\/a> 2013 Jul;38(7):1133-44.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[xxxv]<\/a> Wir\u00e9hn AB, Foldemo A, Josefsson A, Lindberg M. Use of hormonal contraceptives in relation to antidepressant therapy: A nationwide population-based study. European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2010 Feb;15(1):41-7.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[xxxvi]<\/a> Young EA, Kornstein SG, Harvey AT, et al. Influences of hormone-based contraception on depressive symptoms in premenopausal women with major depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007;32(7):843-853.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[xxxvii]<\/a> de Wit AE, Booij SH, Giltay EJ, et al. Association of Use of Oral Contraceptives With Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents and Young Women. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Jan 1;77(1):52-59.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[xxxviii]<\/a> Zettermark S, Perez Vicente R, Merlo J. Hormonal contraception increases the risk of psychotropic drug use in adolescent girls but not in adults: A pharmacoepidemiological study on 800 000 Swedish women. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0194773.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[xxxix]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Skovlund%20CW%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=27680324\">Skovlund CW<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=M\u00f8rch%20LS%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=27680324\">M\u00f8rch LS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Kessing%20LV%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=27680324\">Kessing LV<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Lidegaard%20\u00d8%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=27680324\">Lidegaard \u00d8<\/a>. Association of Hormonal Contraception With Depression. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27680324\">JAMA Psychiatry.<\/a> 2016 Nov 1;73(11):1154-1162.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref40\" name=\"_edn40\">[xl]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Lindberg%20M%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=22385398\">Lindberg M<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Foldemo%20A%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=22385398\">Foldemo A<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Josefsson%20A%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=22385398\">Josefsson A<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Wir\u00e9hn%20AB%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=22385398\">Wir\u00e9hn AB<\/a>. Differences in prescription rates and odds ratios of antidepressant drugs in relation to individual hormonal contraceptives: a nationwide population-based study with age-specific analyses. The European Journal of Contraception &amp; Reproductive Health Care : the official journal of the European Society of Contraception. 2012 Apr;17(2):106-18.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref41\" name=\"_edn41\">[xli]<\/a> Statista. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/325210\/us-divorce-rate-among-women\/. Accessed 23 Oct 2020.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref42\" name=\"_edn42\">[xlii]<\/a> Fehring RJ. The influence of contraception, abortion, and natural family planning on divorce rates as found in the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth. Linacre Q. 2015;82(3):273-282.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref43\" name=\"_edn43\">[xliii]<\/a> Marc\u00e9n M. Divorce and the birth control pill. Universidad de Zaragoza. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. 2012. https:\/\/mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/35955\/1\/marcen_150112_divorce_pill_final_version.pdf. Accessed 7 Jan 2020.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 doba je poznamenan\u00e1 kr\u00edzou man\u017eelstva a rodiny. \u010clovek sa &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":400,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[155,120,1,106,58],"tags":[10,301,121,300,295,293,294,298,296,302,297,136,299],"class_list":["post-399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","category-laska","category-psychika","category-sex","category-sexualita","tag-depresia","tag-dyspereunia","tag-egoizmus","tag-frekvencia-pohlavnych-stykov","tag-individualizmus","tag-kriza-manzelstva","tag-kriza-rodiny","tag-kvalita-sexualneho-zivota","tag-porodnost","tag-psychicka-pohoda","tag-rozvod","tag-vestibulodynia","tag-znizenie-sexualnej-tuzby"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=399"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/399\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":401,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/399\/revisions\/401"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antikoncepcia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}